Small Fiber Neuropathie

Zusammenfassung

Die Small Fiber Neuropathie (SFN) ist eine spezielle Unterform der Polyneuropathie. Sie zeichnet sich durch eine weitgehend isolierte Schädigung der dünnen Nervenfasern (Aδ- und C-Fasern) aus, welche für die Temperatur- und Schmerzleitung eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Die SFN manifestiert sich mit neuropathischen Schmerzen und autonomen Störungen. Die SFN entzieht sich der herkömmlichen elektrophysiologischen Diagnostik, durch welche nur dick myelinisierte Nervenfasern sicher beurteilt werden können. Für die Diagnosesicherung der SFN haben daher andere Untersuchungsmethoden wie die quantitative sensorische Testung (QST) oder eine Hautbiopsie eine große Bedeutung. Die Therapie basiert auf der kausalen Behandlung der Grunderkrankung, falls diese bekannt ist, und auf der symptomatischen Therapie der neuropathischen Schmerzen.

Abstract

Small fiber neuropathies represent a subgroup of common neuropathies and are characterised by an impairment of small nerve fibres (Aδ- and C-fibres) that are important for the mediation of temperature and pain. The major symptoms of SFN are neuropathic pain and autonomic disturbances. Standard electrophysiological diagnostic techniques assess large myelinated fibres without investigating the function of small nerve fibers. Therefore alternative procedures including quantitative sensory testing (QST) and skin biopsy are required to reliably diagnose SFN. SFN therapy consists of the treatment of the underlying disease (if known) as well as the treatment of neuropathic pain.

Schlüsselwörter

Small Fiber Neuropathie - QST - Hautbiopsie - neuropathische Schmerzen - kausale Therapie

Key words

Small fiber neuropathy - QST - skin biopsy - neuropathic pain - therapy

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